Official data released in early 2026 reveals that the UK car industry actually exceeded its zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) mandate targets in 2024, contradicting repeated warnings from industry representatives that demand was too low to meet government goals.
The Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) had warned in November 2024 that the industry was “likely to fall short” of the 22% EV sales target, potentially facing a £1.8bn compliance bill. However, final figures show that when regulatory flexibilities are accounted for, the market achieved the equivalent of a 24.5% target, allowing all carmakers to avoid fines.
Background
The ZEV mandate, introduced in 2024, requires an annually increasing share of new car and van sales to be zero-emission. For 2024, the headline target was 22% of car sales.
Despite SMMT warnings, actual EV sales reached 19.8% — higher than the industry's own November estimate of 18.7%. More importantly, the mandate includes a series of flexibilities, such as credits for selling hybrids and plug-in hybrids, which effectively lower the threshold for compliance.
These flexibilities were added after lobbying by carmakers themselves. As a result, the industry not only met its targets but banked a surplus of 2.5 percentage points for future years.
What This Means
The data undermines the industry's persistent narrative that consumer demand is insufficient to meet the government's EV targets. The SMMT and major carmakers have been lobbying for an “urgent review” of the mandate, citing a lack of natural demand. Yet the official compliance figures show the system is working as intended — and the industry is capable of meeting its obligations.
Experts argue that the industry's messaging may be aimed at softening future targets rather than reflecting actual market conditions. “The car industry is beating the targets while claiming they’re impossible — that’s a classic lobbying tactic,” said Dr. Emily Taylor, an automotive policy analyst at the University of Birmingham.
The UK government has so far resisted calls for a review, noting that the flexibilities already provide ample room for adaptation. For consumers, the data suggests that EV adoption is on track, and manufacturers are more capable than they publicly admit.